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The Importance of Probiotic Supplementation for Children's Health

Probiotics are beneficial bacteria that play a crucial role in maintaining a healthy gut. For children, these "good bacteria" support the digestive system, boost immunity, and contribute to overall well-being. While probiotics are naturally found in foods like yogurt and kefir, supplementation can be an effective way to ensure children receive the proper amount of these helpful microorganisms.

A healthy gut microbiome is essential for digestion. Probiotics help break down food, absorb nutrients, and prevent harmful bacteria from causing discomfort. Research shows that probiotics can aid in managing common childhood digestive issues like diarrhea, constipation, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) balance the gut’s flora, making it easier for children to stay healthy and happy.

In addition to digestive benefits, probiotics can significantly support the immune system. Approximately 70% of the body's immune cells are found in the gut, so maintaining a balanced gut flora can help enhance the body's ability to fight infections. Studies have shown that children who consume probiotics regularly have fewer colds and infections, leading to fewer missed school days and improved overall health.

Probiotic supplementation is also beneficial during and after antibiotic use. Antibiotics can disrupt the balance of the gut microbiome, leading to digestive upset and weakened immunity. Probiotics can help restore this balance and reduce the side effects of antibiotics.

When choosing probiotics supplement for children, it’s important to select a product that is age-appropriate, safe, and contains strains that are proven to offer health benefits. Consulting with a pediatrician is recommended to determine the best probiotic options for each child’s specific needs.

In conclusion, probiotics are a natural and effective way to support children's digestive health and immunity. By incorporating probiotics into their diet, parents can help foster a healthy gut and contribute to their child's overall well-being.

References

  1. The Role of Probiotics in Pediatric Health, National Institutes of Health.
  2. Probiotic Strains for Digestive Health, Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition.
  3. The Impact of Probiotics on Immune Health in Children, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
  4. Restoring Gut Balance with Probiotics After Antibiotics, Frontiers in Pediatrics.

The Strains of Probiotics, Prebiotics and their Role in Digestive and Immune Health

The combination of probiotics and prebiotics offers remarkable benefits for gut health and immunity, thanks to specific strains of bacteria that play targeted roles in supporting the body.

Lactobacillus strains help in maintaining an acidic environment in the gut, which inhibits harmful bacteria. They aid in digesting lactose, preventing discomfort for those with lactose intolerance, and improving nutrient absorption.

Bifidobacterium strains promote the breakdown of carbohydrates and produce short-chain fatty acids that support gut lining integrity and overall colon health. These strains also boost immunity by enhancing the gut's protective barrier and reducing inflammation.

Saccharomyces boulardii, a unique probiotic yeast, is effective in managing digestive issues such as diarrhea. It helps restore balance in the gut microbiota, particularly during or after antibiotic use.

Prebiotics like inulin and fructooligosaccharides fuel these beneficial bacteria, promoting their growth and activity. This synergy enhances digestion, supports regular bowel movements, and improves the gut’s ability to ward off harmful pathogens.

Together, these probiotics and prebiotics not only ensure a healthy gut but also strengthen the immune system. A balanced gut microbiome is linked to reduced risks of infections, improved mental clarity, and overall well-being. Regularly incorporating these components into your diet can make a significant difference in digestive comfort and immune resilience, making them indispensable for a healthy lifestyle.

References 

1. Rizzardini G, Eskesen D, Calder PC, Capetti A, Jespersen L, Clerici M. Evaluation of the immune benefits of two probiotic strains Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis, BB-12® and Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei, L. casei 431® in an influenza vaccination model: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. British Journal of Nutrition. 2012;107(6):876-884. doi:10.1017/S000711451100420X

2. Fijan, S. (2014). Microorganisms with Claimed Probiotic Properties: An Overview of Recent Literature. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 11(5), 4745-4767. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110504745

A Guide to Choosing the Right Probiotic for Gut Health

Probiotics are living microorganisms that, when consumed in adequate amounts, offer numerous health benefits, particularly for gut health. The key to their effectiveness lies in selecting the right strains and complementary ingredients that work together to promote a balanced and thriving microbiome. Here are some guidelines to help you choose the ideal probiotic supplement for maintaining your health.

  1. Probiotic Strains for Optimal Gut Function

Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium Strains

    • Lactobacillus: These strains produce lactic acid, creating an acidic environment in the gut that discourages harmful bacteria. They aid digestion, enhance nutrient absorption, and support immunity.
    • Bifidobacterium: Naturally present in the intestines, these strains help break down fiber, reduce bloating, and promote regular bowel movements while preventing the growth of harmful bacteria.
  2. Prebiotics: The Essential Companion

Prebiotics, such as fructooligosaccharides (FOS) or inulin, are essential as they serve as food for probiotics. They enable beneficial bacteria to multiply and effectively restore gut balance, enhancing the overall effectiveness of the supplement.

  1. Check the CFU Count

Colony-forming units (CFUs) indicate the number of live bacteria in a probiotic supplement. Opt for a product with a higher CFU count to ensure a significant number of bacteria survive the stomach's acidic environment and reach the intestines where they can provide benefits.

  1. Strain Diversity Matters

A diverse blend of strains can address a wider range of health concerns. Look for products that combine multiple strains for comprehensive gut support, from improved digestion to a stronger immune system.

  1. Delivery System

Choose a supplement with advanced encapsulation or protective coatings to ensure that the probiotic strains survive their journey through the stomach and remain viable when they reach the intestines.

Conclusion

Selecting the right probiotic supplement is key to maintaining a healthy gut and supporting overall health. Focus on products with well-researched strains, prebiotic support, high potency, and effective delivery systems. With these guidelines, you’ll be well-equipped to choose a probiotic that meets your unique health needs, helping you achieve a balanced and thriving microbiome.

Facts on fiber

“Eat more vegetables and fruits to get your fiber!” You may have heard these words. But what is fiber ? How it works to improve health? Let us take a closer look on it!
Fiber is a type of carbohydrate that our body cannot digest undigested. Though most carbohydrates are broken down into sugar molecules but fiber cannot be broken down into sugar and thus it will pass through our body. These carbohydrates often considered beneficial in which mostly come from fruits, vegetables and legumes (1, 3, 6).
Fiber comes in two varieties, both beneficial to health (3):
 

Soluble fiber

 

Dissolves in water; absorb water to form a gel like substance that slow the digestion and cause you to feel full. They have been shown to decrease cholesterol and lower blood glucose. Common source of soluble fiber includes beans, oat bran, fruits and vegetables. It is also found in pysllium, a common fiber supplement.

 

Insoluble fiber

 

Does not dissolve in water; Increase fecal bulk and appear to help food pass more quickly through the digestive tract so it can be of benefit to those who struggle with constipation and irregular stools.

 

 Facts About Fiber (3,4)


 

1. Fiber aids in achieving healthy weight.

 

2. Fiber fight diseases. It appears to reduce risk of developing various health conditions including heart disease, diabetes, constipation and breast cancer.

 

3. Fiber helps to lower cholesterol.

 

4. Fiber helps to regulate blood glucose.

 

5.  Recommended dietary fiber intake per day for all age group is 20-30g/day. However, if a person is not currently eating enough of fiber, he or she should increase his or her fiber intake slowly  to avoid gas and bloating.

 

 

6. More fiber needs more water. When eating a high fiber diet, be sure to drink at least eight or more glasses of water every day.

 

7.  Fiber aids in improving digestion by increasing stool bulk and regularity. A high-fiber diet may help reduce the risk of hemorrhoids and diverticulitis.

 

8.  Too much fiber is a bad thing. You may experience abdominal cramping, bloating, gas, constipation and even diarrhea.

 

9. Fruit and vegetable peels are rich in several nutrients including fiber. Eating unpeeled fruits and vegetables keep you feel full longer due to its high fiber content. However, certain fruit and vegetable peels may be hard to consume or simply inedible. These peels are best removed and not eaten.

 

10. Fruits and vegetable juice has less fiber than whole fruits and vegetable. This is because the skin is removed and thus it is more healthful to eat whole fruit and vegetable.

 

11. Fiber cannot be cooked out.

 

Tips to Increase fiber intake (5,7)

 

1. Consume products that have whole grain listed as the first ingredients, high fiber content and low fat and sugar content.

 

2. Replace white rice, bread and pasta with brown rice and whole grain products.

 

 

3. Include legumes in your diet (beans, dried peas and lentils)

 

 

4. Eat unpeeled whole fruit and vegetables not juice.

 

5. Snack on fruits and vegetables

 

6. Take a fiber supplement (e.g psyllium)

 

In conclusion,

 

Fiber is an important dietary substance to your diet. This is because high fiber foods are also good sources of vitamins, mineral and antioxidants which offer many health benefits. Therefore, as one of the key ingredients to healthy eating, fiber is something you cannot skip.

 

References

  1. Cleveland Clinic. 2019. Improving Your Health With Fiber. Available from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/14400-improving-your-health-with-fiber [Accessed on 23 April 2020].
  2. Danielle, D. 2018. How much fiber is too much. Medical New Today. Available from https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321286#treatment [Accessed on 23 April 2020].
  3. Harvard University School of Public Health. (n.d.). Fiber. Available from https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/carbohydrates/fiber/ [Accessed on 23 April 2020].
  4. Karin, L. 2016. 45 Interesting Facts about FIber. Fact Retriever. Available from https://www.factretriever.com/fiber-facts [Accessed on 23 April 2020].
  5. Kerri, A., J. 2016. 16 Easy Ways to Eat More Fiber. Healthline. Available from https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/16-ways-to-eat-more-fiber [Accessed on 23 April 2020].
  6. Mayo Clinic. 2018. Dietary fiber: Essential for a healthy diet. Available from https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/fiber/art-20043983 [Accessed on 23 April 2020].
  7. My Health Ministry of Health. 2012. SERAT DAN KAWALAN DIABETES. Available from http://www.myhealth.gov.my/serat-dan-kawalan-diabetes/ [Accessed on 23 April 2020].

Understanding How Fasting Affects your Digestive System

Fasting, a practice embraced across various cultures and religions, offers a myriad of benefits for physical and mental well-being. While commonly associated with religious observances like Ramadan or Yom Kippur, fasting has also gained traction in health and wellness circles for its potential to detoxify the body, enhance focus, and regenerate immune cells.

Benefits of Fasting
During fasting, the body enters a state called glucogenesis, where it uses stored energy from fats and glucose, promoting weight management and detoxification. This process not only helps to eliminate toxins but also boosts the production of endorphins, enhancing mood and mental clarity. Additionally, fasting allows the digestive system to rest, potentially improving overall gut health.

Fasting and Digestive Challenges
Despite its benefits, fasting can sometimes lead to digestive discomforts like heartburn and indigestion. Reduced food intake lowers stomach acid, which helps digest food and fight bacteria. However, stimuli such as the smell of food or thinking about meals can trigger acid production, potentially causing heartburn. Overeating during iftar or breaking a fast too quickly may also overwhelm the digestive system, leading to bloating or indigestion.

Practical Tips to Prevent Discomfort

  1. Break Your Fast Gradually: Begin with light, easily digestible foods such as dates, soups, or yogurt, followed by balanced meals.
  2. Stay Hydrated: Drinking plenty of water before and after fasting periods helps maintain hydration and aids digestion.
  3. Mindful Eating: Avoid overeating, especially during meals after fasting. Practice portion control to ease the digestive workload.
  4. Support Digestive Health: Incorporate supplements like MegaLive GastoEz to address occasional heartburn or indigestion.

Fasting is a holistic practice that nurtures the body, mind, and spirit. By adopting mindful eating habits and addressing potential challenges, you can enjoy its benefits while minimizing discomfort, making the experience both fulfilling and healthful.

 

References

 

1. Medical News Today (n.d). What Happens If You Don’t Eat For A Day? Timeline And Effects. [online] Available at: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322065#can-fasting-promote-weight-loss [Accessed 29 April 2020].


2. Medical News Today (n.d). Fasting: Health Benefits And Risks. [online] Available at: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/295914  [Accessed 29 April 2020].

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Diarrhea in children and what need to be worried about?

Diarrhea is characterized by frequent soft or loose bowel movements (poop). Most children experience diarrhea from time to time. It usually does not last long and usually resolves on its own, but in children, the period when they have diarrhea is critical because they may be losing too much water, which can lead to other health problems.

 

Among the dehydration symptoms that parents and/or caregivers should look for in children who have diarrhea are:  

  • Seems drowsy
  • Breathes quickly
  • Has few or no tears when they cry
  • Has a soft spot on their head that sinks inwards (sunken fontanelle)
  • Has a dry mouth
  • Has dark yellow pee or has not had a pee in the last 6 hours (for baby) and 12 hours (for child)
  • Hands and feet that appear cold and blotchy 

 

Diarrhea is usually caused by an infection, such as rotavirus, bacteria like salmonella, or a parasite like giardia. Aside from dehydration symptoms, it also includes vomiting, stomachache, headache, and fever.

 

 

It is also critical to seek medical attention right away if your child or baby exhibits any of the following symptoms:

 

  •         A fever of 38°C or higher.
  •         Diarrhea lasting more than 24 hours.
  •         Has more than four diarrhea stools in eight hours and isn't drinking enough.
  •         Bloody or pustular stools

 It is best to prevent fluid loss when treating diarrhea in children or adults, whether in a clinical setting or at home.

 

 

Here are some tips that parents and/or caregivers can use to prevent fluid loss at home:

 

  • Provide more fluids and encourage your child to drink more. Infants and children should be given extra breast milk or oral rehydration solution (ORS). Plain water lacks minerals like sodium and potassium, both of which can help with diarrhea. Fruit juice and carbonated drinks are not recommended because they cause stomach ache/ cramps and increase fluid loss (the later). Children with severe diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration may require intravenous fluids (via a vein in the arm) in the hospital.

 

  • It is also critical to begin providing a consistent diet for the children. Encourage them to eat small amounts of food frequently, even if they don't have an appetite. Breastfed babies can continue to nurse normally, and formula-fed babies can eat normally as well. Smaller, more frequent meals are once again encouraged. Water-rich foods, such as watermelon, are also encouraged.

 

In conclusion, diarrhea in children can be very serious and is quite common; some of the practices that parents may employ when dealing with children who frequently experience diarrhea include ensuring that their children's and caregiver's hygiene is always maintained. Ensure that food is stored at the proper temperature, particularly dairy and raw food products; that food is fully cooked; and that the home environment is clean, especially if there is a pet in the same household. Aside from these, taking probiotic supplements is beneficial to their gut health.

 

References.


  1. American College of Gastroenterology. Diarrhea in children. https://gi.org/topics/diarrhea-in-children/ (Accessed on April 1, 2021).
  2. National Collaborating Centre for Women’s and Children’s Health (UK). Diarrhoea and Vomiting Caused by Gastroenteritis: Diagnosis, Assessment and Management in Children Younger than 5 Years. London: RCOG Press; 2009 Apr. (NICE Clinical Guidelines, No. 84.) 5, Fluid management.Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK63837/
  3. National Institute of Health (NIH). National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Disease (NIDDK). Symptoms and causes of chronic diarrhea in children. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/chronic-diarrhea-children/symptoms-causes (Accessed on April 1, 2021).
  4. National Health Service (NHS) U. Dehydration. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/dehydration/ (Accessed on April 1, 2021).
  5. Diarrhea in Children. https://www.webmd.com/children/guide/diarrhea-treatment (Accessed on April 1, 2021).

 

 

Understanding acid reflux in children

Acid reflux, also known as gastroesophageal reflux (GER), is a condition that affects both adults and children. While the fundamental mechanism remains the same, there are notable distinctions between acid reflux in adults and its manifestation in children.
 

In adults, reflux occurs when stomach contents, including stomach acid, flow back into the esophagus, leading to symptoms such as heartburn, regurgitation, and a bitter taste in the mouth.
 

This uncomfortable condition is not limited to adults; it can also affect children and even infants. However, due to the differences in the maturity of their digestive systems, the symptoms of GER can vary significantly depending on the child's age.
 

In infants, a certain amount of spit-up after feeding is common and referred to as GER. Nevertheless, if your baby experiences frequent vomiting accompanied by discomfort, feeding difficulties, or weight loss, it may signify a more serious issue than typical GER. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism of GER in babies, children, and adults remains quite similar.
 

For babies, GER often results from their underdeveloped gastrointestinal tract, which is not as coordinated as an adult's. In contrast, children may experience GER due to factors like obesity, overeating, consumption of spicy or oily foods, intake of caffeinated or carbonated beverages, or the use of specific medications. Nonetheless, the root cause of GER in children is akin to that in adults: it occurs when factors induce relaxation of the muscular valve between the stomach and esophagus (known as the Lower Esophageal Sphincter or LES) or elevate pressure below the LES.
 

Symptoms in Children:

The most common GER symptoms in infants and children include:

  • Frequent or recurrent vomiting
  • Persistent cough or wheezing
  • Feeding difficulties, such as choking or gagging during meals
  • Heartburn, gas, abdominal pain, and colic
  • Regurgitation and re-swallowing
  • Complaining of a sour taste in the mouth, especially in the morning


Tips for Identifying and Assisting Children with GER:

When it comes to children, paying close attention to their complaints or observations is crucial. Children often struggle to articulate their discomfort or pain accurately. In addition to this, there are several strategies that can help manage GER in children:

  • Encourage children to sit upright for at least two hours after meals, particularly if they have consumed trigger foods like oily or spicy dishes, carbonated beverages, or caffeine.
  • Opt for several small meals throughout the day instead of three large ones.
  • Ensure that children do not overeat.
  • Promote regular exercise among children.


For infants, elevating the crib or bassinet and holding the baby upright for 30 minutes after feeding can be beneficial, along with assisting them in burping.


In conclusion, acid reflux, a condition commonly associated with adults, can also affect children. However, children may struggle to describe their symptoms and understand what is happening to their bodies. The key lies in attentive observation and implementing the helpful tips mentioned above to provide relief and comfort to children experiencing GER.

Do you know why fiber is important?

Fiber is a type of carbohydrate that our body is unable to digest. Though most carbohydrates are broken down into sugar molecules, fiber cannot be broken down into sugar molecules, and instead it passes through the body undigested. Fiber helps regulate sugars in the body and helps keep hunger and blood sugar in check.

Children and adults need at least 20 to 30 grammes of fiber per day for good health. It can be obtained by consuming a diet rich in whole grains, vegetables, legumes, nuts, and fruits.

 

There are two types of fiber: soluble fiber and insoluble fibre.

  • Soluble fiber is a type of fiber that dissolves in water and can help lower glucose levels and blood cholesterol levels. Foods with soluble fiber include oatmeal, nuts, beans, lentils, apples, and blueberries.

  • Insoluble fiber is a type of fiber that does not dissolve in water. It can help food move through the digestive system, promoting regularity and helping to prevent constipation. Foods with insoluble fibers are wheat, whole wheat bread, whole grain couscous, brown rice, legumes, carrots, cucumbers, and tomatoes.

There are various studies confirming that consumption of a diet high in fiber helps to make the overall body function healthier.

 

Heart Health

 

In a Harvard study with over 40, 000 male health professionals, researchers found that consumption of a high-fiber diet reduced the risk of getting coronary heart disease by 40%. Another study conducted by Harvard among female nurses also found similar findings: a high-fiber diet lowers the risk of metabolic syndrome (a combination factor of heart disease and diabetes). These factors are high blood pressure, high insulin levels, excess weight, a high triglyceride level, and a low HDL level (good cholesterol level).

 

 

Diabetes Mellitus Type 2.

 

A diet low in fiber and high in carbohydrates and fat can cause a sudden spike in blood sugar, which can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Both Harvard studies with female nurses and male health professionals found that this type of diet increased more than double the risk of type 2 diabetes.

 

Other studies, such as the Black Women’s Health Study and the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, have shown similar results.

  

Constipation.

 

It is believed that the fibre in wheat bran and oat bran is more potent than the fibre found in fruits and vegetables. In addition, because fibre absorbs water, experts advise increasing beverage intake along with fibre intake rather than doing so abruptly.

 

Cancer.

 

Fiber is shown to decrease the risk of breast cancer through a large-scale study in 2016, where the findings indicate that higher fiber intake reduces breast cancer risk, suggesting that fiber intake during adolescence and early adulthood may be particularly important.

 

In other words, women who consume higher fiber foods during adolescence and young adulthood, including vegetables and fruits, may have a significantly lower breast cancer risk than those who eat less dietary fiber when young.

 

In conclusion, consumption of sufficient fiber can give various benefits to the human body. According to the Malaysia Food Pyramid 2020, it is recommended to consume 3 servings of vegetables and fruits daily. However, according to the National Health Morbidity Survey (NHMS), about 95% of Malaysians do not consume enough vegetables and fruits daily, which is why sometimes consumption of fiber supplements can help to bridge the gap of poor dietary intake.

 

Reference

 

1. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. Fiber. https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/carbohydrates/fiber/

2. National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) (2019). Chapter 09, Of fruits, veggies, and plain water.  http://iptk.moh.gov.my/images/technical_report/2020/4_Infographic_Booklet_NHMS_2019_-_English.pdf 

3. Malaysia Food Pyramid 2020. Ministry of Health Malaysia. Nutrition Division. 

http://nutrition.moh.gov.my/piramid-makanan-malaysia-2020-mendidik-rakyat-mengambil-makanan-dengan-betul/ 

 

 

 

 

Probiotics 101

The World Health Organisation (WHO) defines probiotics as live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer health benefits on the host. It can be found in fermented foods (e.g., yoghurt, kefir, sauerkraut, tempeh, and kimchi), dietary supplements, and cosmetics.

Probiotics may contain a variety of microorganisms. The most common are Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. There are also other bacteria being used as probiotics such as Saccharomyces boulardii.

 

According to studies, different types of bacteria exert different effects on the human body. Therefore, choosing the right strains and types of probiotics is essential to address the said health concern.

 

 

 

Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics.

 

Prebiotics are nondigestible food components that promote the growth of beneficial microorganisms. Probiotics are not the same thing. Prebiotics are commonly consumed by probiotics, which can stimulate their growth and activity. While synbiotics are typically products that combine probiotics and prebiotics. All in one supplement product, this combination allows bacteria (probiotics) to feed on prebiotics.

 

 Why probiotics are important?

 

Many studies on the benefits of consuming probiotics have recently emerged. Probiotics, according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), may help your body maintain a healthy community of microorganisms or help your body's community of microorganisms return to a healthy state after being disturbed. It can also influence your body's immune response.

 

 

 Take away message

 

There is currently no recommendation for how much probiotics we should consume in our daily lives, but because it has so many benefits, many people have begun to consume probiotics on a daily basis. If you rarely consume probiotic-rich foods like the ones mentioned above, probiotic supplements can be used as an alternative.

 

References

 

  1. National Institute of Health (NIH). National Centre for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH). Probiotics: What You Need to Know? https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/probiotics-what-you-need-to-know
  2. National Health Service (NHS). UK. Probiotics. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/probiotics/ 

How do probiotics aid in health maintenance?

Probiotics can help to maintain health in a variety of ways. The first is by maintaining a healthy microorganism community. Second, by assisting the body's community microorganisms in returning to a healthy state after being disturbed.


Other than bacteria, the body contains fungi, parasites, and viruses. All of these "bugs" coexist peacefully and naturally in a healthy person, with the greatest number found in the intestines. Scientists refer to all these coexisting "bugs" in our bodies as the microbiome. 

The microbiome plays a key role in promoting the smooth daily operation of the human body. It consists of both helpful and potentially harmful microbes. The disturbance in the balance between the helpful and harmful microbes may arise due to infectious illnesses, certain diets, prolonged use of antibiotics or other bacteria-destroying medications, which can lead to the body becoming more susceptible to diseases. 


Scientists believe that probiotics are most effective at both ends of the age spectrum, that is, children and the elderly, during stress, after antibiotic consumption, and so on. Probiotics influence the bacteria colonization process, which can lead to a faster restoration of a healthy microbiome and a lower risk of illness. 

Probiotics also help to maintain health by influencing the body's immune response. Microbiota aid in the stimulation of the immune system in the body; for example, a healthy microbiota will protect the body from pathogenic organisms that enter the body, such as through the consumption of contaminated food and beverages.

A variety of bacteria families are found in the human gut, including Prevotella, Ruminoccoides, Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Clostridium, and Firmicutes. These microbes in the gut prevent the overgrowth of harmful bacteria by competing for nutrients and attachment sites on the mucous membrane of the gut, which in turn provides immune activity to the body. 
 In a nutshell, while there are numerous additional benefits to consuming probiotics, such as improved skin health, scientists are still trying to figure out how probiotics can help with other health conditions. However, large-scale studies, such as the Human Genome Project, show promising results on the health benefits of probiotics.

 

References

1.    Harvard T.H. Chan. School of Public Health. The Nutrition Source. https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/microbiome/

2.    Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. Bugs in the system. https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/magazine/magazine_article/bugs-in-the-system/?utm_source=Facebook&utm_medium=Social&utm_campaign=Chan-Facebook-General

 

 

Probiotics & COVID-19

World Health Organization (WHO) defines probiotics as live microorganisms that when administered in adequate amounts confer health benefits on the host. It can be found in fermented food (E.g.: yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut, tempeh, and kimchi), dietary supplements, and cosmetics.

Probiotics may contain variety of microorganisms. The most common are Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. There are also other bacteria being used as probiotics (e.g.: Saccharomyces boulardii.)
 

According to studies, different types of bacteria exert different effect to human body. Therefore, choosing the right strains and types of probiotics is essential for it to works on the said health concern.

 

How does probiotics help to maintain health? 

There are variety of ‘bugs’ that coexist naturally in the body such as bacteria, fungi, parasite and viruses, these are what scientists refer to as microbiome. In the body of a healthy person, all these bugs coexist peacefully. The role of the microbiome is to promote smooth daily operation of human body. However, conditions such as infectious illness, certain diet, prolonged use of antibiotics and/or other bacteria-destroying medications, can lead to body becoming more susceptible to diseases.
 

Due to this, scientists believe that consumption of probiotics influence bacteria colonization process, which can lead to speedy restoration of healthy microbiome and lower risk of being sick.

 

Probiotics and COVID-19?

Probiotic is link with COVID19 due to its ability to boost the immune system. Currently, most extensive researched on probiotics include Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Escherichia Coli, Enterococcus, etc. Although probiotics mechanism profoundly focuses on the gastrointestinal tract, the effect of probiotics is not confined to the digestive system only. Probiotics can act on the entire body via immune modulation. Not only that, it also facilitate the immune system development and maturation and regulate the interaction between host and pathogen by killing the pathogen and regulate the immune responses towards it.

 

One might argue that, but COVID-19 is a viral infection unlike others. A systematic review described probiotics’ efficacy against viral diseases where more than 20 strains of probiotics showed the anti-inflammatory effects on the body and antibody production against viruses.

 

Moreover, study found out that viral loads were lowered upon probiotics supplementation, it is postulated due to immune modulation by microbiota that fights against COVID-19 directly and decrease the risk of secondary infections due to prolonged antibiotics exposure from multiple experimental COVID19 treatment.

 

China’s National Health Commission recommended probiotics for severe COVID-19 patients to restore the intestinal balance and protect from secondary infections. Moreover, gut microbiota’s role in modulating lung diseases has been demonstrated.

 

In conclusion, scientists in this study suggest that many more studies should be established on the effectiveness of using probiotics as prevention and especially treatment of COVID-19. As of now, apart from practicing social distancing, wearing mask, adhere to the standard operating procedure (SOP), individuals may also benefits from probiotics rich foods and supplementation for its boosting immunity properties and fight against COVID-19.

 

Reference

  1. Kurian, S. J., Unnikrishnan, M. K., Miraj, S. S., Bagchi, D., Banerjee, M., Reddy, B. S., Rodrigues, G. S., Manu, M. K., Saravu, K., Mukhopadhyay, C., & Rao, M. (2021). Probiotics in Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19: Current Perspective and Future Prospects. Archives of medical research, 52(6), 582–594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2021.03.002

Diet Suku – Suku Separuh ?

Suku – suku separuh diet adalah saranan diet oleh Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia (KKM) untuk cara pemakanan sihat. Pelbagai langkah dan inisiatif telah dilakukan bagi mempromosikan amalan pemakanan sihat kepada rakyat Malaysia. MegaLive menyambut baik saranan ini dengan turut sama mempromosikan amalan pemakanan sihat ini kepada semua.
Suku – suku separuh adalah diet yang merangkumi suku jumlah karbohidrat seperti nasi, mee, bihun, capati, roti dll, suku jumlah protein seperti ayam, ikan, sotong dll dan separuh jumlah sayur – sayuran dan buah – buahan. Pinggan yang dirujuk dalam saranan diet ini adalah pinggan berukuran 10 inci/ 25sm.

Contoh hidangan suku – suku separuh:

 

Capati dengan kuah dhal.
Nasi beras perang dengan ayam tanpa kulit dan sayur.
Nasi putih dengan ikan bakar dan sayur.
Nasi lemak
Roti dengan telur dan salad.

 

Terdapat 5 mesej utama dalam amalan diet suku – suku separuh.

 

Mesej Utama 1: Makan 3 Hidangan Utama yang sihat dalam sehari.

 

Makan sarapan, makan tengah hari, dan makan malam dengan sihat dengan mengikut konsep suku – suku separuh.

Makan pada waktu yang tetap juga membantu pengawalan porsi/ saiz hidangan makanan. Berikut adalah contoh waktu makan seharian.

 

Mesej Utama 2: Makan 1-2 Snek yang Sihat di antara Waktu Makan Jika Perlu

 

Bagi menggalakan pemakanan secara sihat secara holistik atau sebagai gaya hidup, anda juga digalakkan untuk mengambil snek sihat 1-2 kali dari sumber buah – buahan, kekacang, dan sayur – sayuran.

 

Contoh snek sihat yang boleh di ambil 1-2 sajian ialah:

 

 

Mesej Utama 3: Makan Sekurang-kurangnya Separuh Daripada Bijirin Anda Sebagai Bijirin Penuh

 

Malaysia adalah negara di mana, makanan rujinya adalah nasi, oleh itu tidak hairanlah jika kebanyakkan rakyat Malaysia masih berasa tidak kenyang selagi tidak makan nasi. Oleh yang demikian, Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia (KKM) menggariskan pengambilan karbohidrat hendaklah diambil kebanyakkannya dari sumber bijirin penuh, seperti dari sumber nasi beras perang, roti bijirin mil penuh, jagung, barli dll.

 

Contoh makanan berkarbohidrat yang tinggi serat:

 

 

Mesej Utama 4: Makan Hidangan Tidak Bergoreng dan Tanpa Santan Setiap Hari

 

Seterusnya, lauk -pauk di Malaysia begitu sinonim sekali dengan jenis lauk -pauk yang bergoreng menggunakan minyak yang sangat banyak iaitu menggunakan kaedah ‘deep -frying’. Makanan bergoreng dengan minyak banyak yang digunakan secara berulang – ulang dan makanan yang mengandungi jumlah santan yang tinggi  boleh meningkatkan masalah kesihatan seperti masalah jantung, darah tinggi, kolesterol dan kanser.

 

Justeru, pengambilan makanan dengan cara masakan dan kandungan santan yang tinggi seperti masak lemak, kari, gulai, dan masakkan bergoreng hendaklah dihadkan.

 

Cara mengantikan pengambilan minyak dan santan dalam masakan dan makanan:

 

 

Mesej Utama 5: Makan Makanan yang dimasak di Rumah Lebih Kerap

 

Makanan yang dibeli di luar secara amnya mempunyai kandungan gula, garam, sos, kicap, perasa, dan monosodium glutamate (MSG) yang tinggi, ia juga kebanyakannya menggunakan kaedah memasak yang kurang sihat iaitu dengan cara menggoreng dengan minyak yang banyak dan berulang- ulang.

 

Kandungan makanan yang tinggi garam, gula, sos, kicap, perasa dan MSG boleh menyebabkan tinggi risiko kepada masalah kesihatan seperti diabetes, dan juga darah tinggi.

 

Selain daripada itu, pengambilan makanan dari luar juga seringkali mempunyai jumlah porsi yang tidak mengikut spesifikasi suku – suku separuh, hal ini menyebabkan individu lebih cenderung untuk makaan secara berlebihan dan mendapat lebih risiko untuk menjadi obes.

 

Cadangan hidangan harian di rumah:

 

 

Rujukan

  1. Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia (KKM). Bahagian Pemakanan. Panduan Pinggan Sihat Malaysia. https://bit.ly/3HHHdU6
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